Li-ion Battery (LIB)

 Typically batteries could be classified into lead acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries. Among all the rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries secured the maximum energy density. In the earlier stage, the intrinsic properties of the lithium metal was encourage to develop the lithium based battery. This intrinsic properties of the lithium is the lightest material which has the molecular weight of (Mw) = 6.94 g/mol along with the density of (ρ) = 0.53 g/cm3) and also it has electronegative potential of -3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). Lithium metal and carbon based materials used as the anode and LixMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn) as the cathode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries. Electrolyte also plays an important role in the electrochemical properties of the lithium ion batteries. Ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) and the ether based electrolyte like 1,3-dioxolane or 3-MeTHF made up of lithium salts and organic solvents were the common electrolytes used for the lithium ion battery operations. The separator also acts as a physical barrier between the cathode and anode and also contributes to increase the reliability of the batteries. In the lithium-ion batteries, the ions moves between the anode host and the cathode during the charging and discharging. Lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode, go through the electrolyte and separator and the Li ions inserted into the negative electrode structure. The process happens in reverse during discharging. From past decade, the lithium-ion batteries becomes the leading power source for the portable electronic devices, wireless communications, aerospace, and military applications

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Selected Publications

1. Santhoshkumar, P. et al. A facile and highly efficient short-time homogenization hydrothermal approach for the smart production of high-quality α-Fe2O3 for rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 16712–16721 (2017).

2. Senthil, C. & Lee, C. W. Biomass-derived biochar materials as sustainable energy sources for electrochemical energy storage devices. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 137, 110464 (2021).

3. Nanthagopal, M. et al. An encapsulation of nitrogen and sulphur dual-doped carbon over Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 for lithium-ion battery applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 511, 145580 (2020).

4. Kang, S. H. et al. Bandgap tuned and oxygen vacant TiO2−x anode materials with enhanced electrochemical properties for lithium ion batteries. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 71, 177–183 (2019).

5. Kang, H. S. et al. Glass ceramic coating on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode for Li-ion batteries. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 1331–1339 (2020).